Case study 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contextual analysis 2 - Essay Example Demographically, the objective market comprises of ladies with changing salary levels, and instructive foundations, while they are by and large piece of the Gen X and Gen Y markets.2 Psychographically, Singh considers the to be advertise as a structure of free ladies who are savvy and not hesitant to take risks.3 Behaviorally, the business sectors are separated across areas, and somewhat, across countries. Districts are extraordinary, in that Asia will in general mimic Western patterns, while Eastern Europe isn't as comparable in excellence inclines as Western Europe.4 For instance, a few Indians need the most recent worldwide brand, not the ones dependent on nearby patterns. Ravi Narayan, the head of South Asia promoting, discovered that young people are searching for â€Å"the most recent color† that they saw being publicized from a â€Å"English serial† without getting some information about the price.5 The case proposes that since individuals are increasingly associ ated these days through access to versatile correspondence and worldwide media,6 some of them are progressively open to and relate to worldwide brands. Besides, areas can have sharp social contrasts as well. For example, Singh once needed to crusade for evaluating and bundling to be distinctive for India, where pay levels are lower.7 Geographically, Espoir is sold over the globe, explicitly in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia, North America, and South America.8 Hence, these attributes show that a few clients may respond more decidedly to a worldwide advertising picture than others, in spite of the fact that the degree and level of contrasts in buying mentalities and practices are under-considered. The article continues to depicting five contentions for proceeding with the film worldwide marking technique. Initial, a worldwide marking procedure use the chances and assets in the worldwide market.9 Second, a worldwide brand can be more cost-proficient and compelling than profoundly separated and divided neighborhood promoting strategies.10 Third, a worldwide brand can decrease brand disarray across districts and countries, in this way fortifying worldwide brand positioning.11 Fourth, a worldwide brand can likewise improve universal union among chiefs that can result to worldwide innovations.12 Fifth, a worldwide brand can result to improved worldwide execution due to showcasing and practical synergies.13 While there are stars to a worldwide brand, there are additionally disadvantages. Initial, a worldwide promoting technique may distort and overstandardize showcasing endeavors, to the detriment of neighborhood social contrasts and nearby innovations.14 Second, Singh is gambling low purchase in among head directors, which can influence the usage procedure and accomplishment of the central command forced worldwide advertising effort. Nation heads realize their business sectors best and on the off chance that they imagine that there are national or social contra sts, at that point they might be right.15 Third, Singh doesn't have a reasonable job and authority in association with nearby advertising s

Theory of Consciousness Research Paper - 275 Words

Theory of Consciousness (Research Paper Sample) Content: Theory of consciousnessName:Institution:Date:IntroductionConsciousness is the state of being aware. Being conscious is being awake and sentient or processing human-like knowledge and intelligence. It is a mental state to be conscious whereby if one mental state is conscious then the creature can be said to be conscious. Only conscious creatures can be in conscious state although mental states of conscious creatures must not all be in conscious state. In other words, state consciousness presupposes the consciousness of the creature.This paper seeks to discuss David M. Rosenthalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Consciousness theory and analyze how consciousness is achieved in day to day life. The paper also seeks to try and analyze where exactly consciousness originates from in the brain.David M. Rosenthal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ A Consciousness TheoryAccording to David M. Rosenthal, consciousness fall into two categories whereby one is perpetual, where one is conscious of things when they perceive th em in some way. The other category is when one is conscious of things when they think of them. Perpetual model is often straight forward because consciousness can easily achieved through what one sees, touches, tastes, smells or hears. This however does not demean consciousness through thinking about something, it only broadens perpetual consciousness (Rosenthal, 1990).The perpetual model however fails clearly explain consciousness since perception requires occurrence of sensory quality which signals the presence of that which is being perceived. In that way there must be an occurrence of mental quality which in that case would be consciousness of a sensory state which portrays consciousness as inherent to such states but perpetual model in the first place was adopted in order to avoid such conclusion. At this point, perpetual model fails to categorically expound on the idea of consciousness (Rosenthal, 1990).On the other hand, transitive consciousness which relies on thinking does not experience such difficulties because thinking is not specific to a certain range of objects. The relation between thinking and the object is not mediated like the relation between perception and what is being perceived. Having thoughts about objects does not have characteristic qualities hence such model gives hope in explaining what it is for a mental state to be conscious in terms of our consciousness to those states. One is conscious of something if they have thought about it. The occurrence of such high order thought makes one conscious of a mental state and that mental state is a conscious state but when that high order thought does not occur then one is unaware of being in the mental state in question and the state is then not a conscious state. Following that line of argument, a mental state is a conscious state when and only when it is accompanied by a high order thought.Thoughts may sometimes have generic sense in which it applies to any propositional mental state not c onsidering its mental attitude. Various states as, desiring, hoping, expecting, believing, suspecting and wondering are all thoughts. Such thought regardless of their nature, if they have the right content, they can make one conscious of a certain mental state. For example when one expects a certain object to exist, that person is already conscious of that object. However oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mental state will not be conscious if accompanied by a high order dispositional thought which does not itself make one conscious of what they are thinking about. A high order thought which makes one conscious of a mental state must be in assertoric, occurrent propositional state.High order thought is not conscious unless one has a third order thought about a second order thought. If in any case the second order thought is not conscious, then one is unaware of it. It is only if one assumed that all mental states are conscious that one would argue that being unaware of a state means it is not there. O ne has a multitude of high order thought which are not conscious in their day to day life. This brings complications in this model because high order is supposed to make one conscious of a mental state and if they are themselves unconscious it becomes hard for them to achieve their core purpose. However there can be transitive consciousness and intransitive consciousness. Intransitive consciousness helps in explaining how high order thoughts which are not conscious make one conscious of a mental state. An example can be that of a driver who has to be conscious of many obstacles on the way. The driver may not now he is conscious of such obstacles especially if he is deep in conversation maybe with the co-driver. In any case, the driver has intransitive consciousness of the obstacles on the way. All intransitive states of consciousness are transitive states of consciousness but the reverse does not hold (Rosenthal, 1990).Therefore high order thoughts are typically not conscious though ts and one is unaware of what consciousness of their mental state consists in. The sense that a state is inseparable from ones consciousness of it is further strengthened by the reference that high order thoughts make to it. However this inseparability does not help in showing that being conscious is intrinsic to mental states. This therefore leads to argument from introspection.Introspection involves more than a mental state being a conscious state where one deliberately and attentively focuses on the state. Nonintrspective consciousness on the other hand requires no such attention. Every introspected state is a conscious state but the converse is not true. Introspection occurs when there is a third order thought which makes a second order thought conscious. When a mental state is introspected, the h... Theory of Consciousness Research Paper - 275 Words Theory of Consciousness (Research Paper Sample) Content: Theory of consciousnessName:Institution:Date:IntroductionConsciousness is the state of being aware. Being conscious is being awake and sentient or processing human-like knowledge and intelligence. It is a mental state to be conscious whereby if one mental state is conscious then the creature can be said to be conscious. Only conscious creatures can be in conscious state although mental states of conscious creatures must not all be in conscious state. In other words, state consciousness presupposes the consciousness of the creature.This paper seeks to discuss David M. Rosenthalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Consciousness theory and analyze how consciousness is achieved in day to day life. The paper also seeks to try and analyze where exactly consciousness originates from in the brain.David M. Rosenthal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ A Consciousness TheoryAccording to David M. Rosenthal, consciousness fall into two categories whereby one is perpetual, where one is conscious of things when they perceive th em in some way. The other category is when one is conscious of things when they think of them. Perpetual model is often straight forward because consciousness can easily achieved through what one sees, touches, tastes, smells or hears. This however does not demean consciousness through thinking about something, it only broadens perpetual consciousness (Rosenthal, 1990).The perpetual model however fails clearly explain consciousness since perception requires occurrence of sensory quality which signals the presence of that which is being perceived. In that way there must be an occurrence of mental quality which in that case would be consciousness of a sensory state which portrays consciousness as inherent to such states but perpetual model in the first place was adopted in order to avoid such conclusion. At this point, perpetual model fails to categorically expound on the idea of consciousness (Rosenthal, 1990).On the other hand, transitive consciousness which relies on thinking does not experience such difficulties because thinking is not specific to a certain range of objects. The relation between thinking and the object is not mediated like the relation between perception and what is being perceived. Having thoughts about objects does not have characteristic qualities hence such model gives hope in explaining what it is for a mental state to be conscious in terms of our consciousness to those states. One is conscious of something if they have thought about it. The occurrence of such high order thought makes one conscious of a mental state and that mental state is a conscious state but when that high order thought does not occur then one is unaware of being in the mental state in question and the state is then not a conscious state. Following that line of argument, a mental state is a conscious state when and only when it is accompanied by a high order thought.Thoughts may sometimes have generic sense in which it applies to any propositional mental state not c onsidering its mental attitude. Various states as, desiring, hoping, expecting, believing, suspecting and wondering are all thoughts. Such thought regardless of their nature, if they have the right content, they can make one conscious of a certain mental state. For example when one expects a certain object to exist, that person is already conscious of that object. However oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mental state will not be conscious if accompanied by a high order dispositional thought which does not itself make one conscious of what they are thinking about. A high order thought which makes one conscious of a mental state must be in assertoric, occurrent propositional state.High order thought is not conscious unless one has a third order thought about a second order thought. If in any case the second order thought is not conscious, then one is unaware of it. It is only if one assumed that all mental states are conscious that one would argue that being unaware of a state means it is not there. O ne has a multitude of high order thought which are not conscious in their day to day life. This brings complications in this model because high order is supposed to make one conscious of a mental state and if they are themselves unconscious it becomes hard for them to achieve their core purpose. However there can be transitive consciousness and intransitive consciousness. Intransitive consciousness helps in explaining how high order thoughts which are not conscious make one conscious of a mental state. An example can be that of a driver who has to be conscious of many obstacles on the way. The driver may not now he is conscious of such obstacles especially if he is deep in conversation maybe with the co-driver. In any case, the driver has intransitive consciousness of the obstacles on the way. All intransitive states of consciousness are transitive states of consciousness but the reverse does not hold (Rosenthal, 1990).Therefore high order thoughts are typically not conscious though ts and one is unaware of what consciousness of their mental state consists in. The sense that a state is inseparable from ones consciousness of it is further strengthened by the reference that high order thoughts make to it. However this inseparability does not help in showing that being conscious is intrinsic to mental states. This therefore leads to argument from introspection.Introspection involves more than a mental state being a conscious state where one deliberately and attentively focuses on the state. Nonintrspective consciousness on the other hand requires no such attention. Every introspected state is a conscious state but the converse is not true. Introspection occurs when there is a third order thought which makes a second order thought conscious. When a mental state is introspected, the h...

Abuse Of The Ages Child Abuse And Neglect - 1127 Words

Abuse of The Ages Child abuse and neglect is a national problem which has increased to epidemic proportions in the United States. More than 2.5 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States annually with over hundreds of deaths related to child abuse that has been reported each year. In 2013, an estimation of 1,520 children died from abuse in the United States. In that same year, Children’s Advocacy Centers around the country had served nearly 295,000 child victims of abuse, providing victim with support to these children and their families. Moving to 2014 this number was maxed to over 315,000. An estimation of 679,000 children were victims of abuse. There were 47 out of the 50 states that reported approximately 3.1 million children who received preventative services from Child Protective Services agencies in the United States. In the first year of a child s life it was the highest rate of victimization of 23.1 per 1,000 children in the national populatio n of the same age. Of the children who experienced abuse, nearly 80% sufficer neglect; 18% suffered physical abuse; and 9% suffered sexual abuse. Physical abuse is a non-accidental trauma or physical injury caused by beating, punching, kicking, burning, biting or otherwise harming a child, physical abuse is the most visible form of child maltreatment. Many times, physical abuse results from inappropriate or excessive physical discipline. A parent or caretaker in anger may be unaware of theShow MoreRelatedAbuse Of The Ages : Child Abuse And Neglect1311 Words   |  6 Pages Abuse of the Ages Kendra M. Curtice #32 Sociology Professor Niemann November 5, 2015 Abuse of The Ages Child abuse and neglect is a national problem which has increased to epidemic proportions in the United States. More than 2.5 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States annually with over hundreds of deaths related to child abuse that has been reported each year. In 2013, an estimation of 1,520 children died from abuse in the United StatesRead MoreChild Abuse- a Child Called It1727 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunately, child abuse is one of the major issues that our country is plagued with, yet we neglect to bring this to the attention of the entire nation. It is often over looked because everyone has a different view of what exactly defines child abuse. The International Child Abuse Network (ICAN) uses four basis catigories to docunment the child abuse cases. They are: emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. I will be describing the first three. Emotional Abuse, (also knownRead MoreEssay Child Abuse in A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer1710 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunately, child abuse is one of the major issues that our country is plagued with, yet we neglect to bring this to the attention of the entire nation. It is often over looked because everyone has a different view of what exactly defines child abuse. The International Child Abuse Network (ICAN) uses four basis categories to docunment the child abuse cases. They are: emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. I will be describing the first three. Emotional Abuse, (also knownRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children1670 Words   |  7 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect Are you a child being abused by your parent? Do you need help? Why would any parent do that to their child or children? Child abuse is common, there are many different kinds of abuse. Most of the abuse occurs within the family. Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse such as, emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lasting scars on the children (Smith, M.A, Segal). Studies have shown thatRead MoreDentists Can Have A Huge Impact On Their Community And1263 Words   |  6 PagesDentists can have a huge impact on their community and the well being of their patients. They can often be the first to notice symptoms of systemic disease as well as signs of abuse. Intentionally inflicted trauma affects all age groups, nationalities and ethnicities. It spans from child abuse, partner violence and abuse/neglect of the elderly. As dentists it is very important to know the signs and symptoms of intentionally inflicted trauma. Domestic violence not only affects the children but the partnerRead MoreChild Abuse and Maltreatment1158 Words   |  5 PagesChild abuse is a global problem, which unfortunately happens in every society, culture and communities. The term â€Å"Child Abuse† refers to intended acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. Child abuse covers a wide range of behavior from physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of child’s basic need. Child abuse is a social problem that affects millions of children each year, children less than 3 years of age being the most frequent victims. (Edelman MandleRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children924 Words   |  4 PagesChildren get abused and die everyday of abuse and neglect. In 2005 1,460 died throughout the year of child abuse or neglect. The majority of kids who get abused are mostly 3 years or younger (77 percent ). The United States has one of the worst records, losing on average of 3-7 kids everyday to child abuse or neglect. Throughout the year there are referrals to the state child protective services that involve 6.6 million children, and about 3.2 million of the children are subject to an investigatedRead MoreChild Abuse and Neglect1678 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of child abuse is one of the hardest topics to write about. It is imperative to have a profound understanding of this topic and its consequences specially when working in the field of human services. Professionally and personally, I have encountered situations where child abuse is present. This reality has touched my life in many ways and these experiences continue shaping me as a human being and as social service provider. I will try to cover in this paper the subject of child abuse, its definitionsRead MoreChild Maltreatment Has A Serious Public Health Problem Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesChild maltreatment has been a serious public health problem not just in the United States but globally. Mal treatment is defined as neglect which means failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, educational, or psychological needs. Physical abuse such as causing physical harm, sexual abuse, abuse that includes fondling a child’s genitals or breasts, and psychological abuse, such as verbal put-downs and other behavior that terrorizes, threatens, rejects or isolates the child. â€Å"According to theRead MoreThe Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention and Treatment Act of 19741070 Words   |  5 Pagesof child abuse and neglect. In 1974, the United States Congress passed an act that would provide the necessary laws and regulations that would protect those who have become victims of child abuse and neglect. According to this policy was meant to: â€Å"provide financial assistance for a demonstration program for the prevention, identification, and treatment of child abuse and neglect† (CAPTA of 1974 P.L. 93-247). This law became known as Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act. The Child Abuse Prevention

The Incompatibility Of Slavery And Christianity - 1218 Words

Ali Montgomery Barry Devine ENG 213 27 October 2015 The Incompatibility of Slavery and Christianity In the 19th century, the United States federal government made it their responsibility for apprehending fugitive slaves in the North, and sending them back to the South through the Fugitive Slave Act. This extended the practice of slavery and its enforcement beyond the South by strengthening the rights of slave owners and threatening the rights of already free African Americans. The Fugitive Slave Act was used to prosecute slaves for leaving their masters with intentions to begin a new life. American citizens centered society on slavery and Christian religion during the 1850s. However, these individuals failed to recognize at the time is that these two things evidently contradict one another. Christian morals and practice teaches individuals that one should not engage in action that is cruel and injustice to another. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the excerpts by Frederick Douglass both outline the hypocritical relationship between slavery and the moral code of Christianity to a full extent. Harriet Beecher Stowe goes to great lengths to illustrate the fact that the practice of slavery and Christianity contradict each other to a in her novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Harriet Beecher Stowe believes that no Christian should be able to tolerate the torturous acts held within slavery, let alone practice it him/herself.. Not onlyShow MoreRelatedIncompatibility of Slavery and Christianity in Uncle Toms Cabin1195 Words   |  5 Pages The anti-slavery novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe was written at a time when slavery was a largely common practice among Americans. It not only helped lay the foundation for the Civil War but also contained many themes that publicized the evil of slavery to all people. The book contains themes such as the moral power of women, human right, and many more. The most important theme Stowe attempts to portray to readers is the incompatibility of slavery and Christianity. She makesRead MoreUncle Toms Cabin Analysis1017 Words   |  5 PagesCabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe intended to demonstrate that slavery is evil through Christian moral, the dehumanization of slaves by their slave owners, and the severe contrast between pure and sinful characters. Stowe showed the evils of slavery through its contradiction with Christian values and teachings. Mrs.Bird, the senator’s wife, and Mrs.Shelby, the plantation owner’s wife, both condemn their husband’s actions toward slavery because of their faith. For example, Mrs.Shelby explainsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Uncle Tom s Cabin 1827 Words   |  8 Pagesto show the link between slavery and religion, emancipation/abolition and religion, and the values of capitalism. To begin with, the link between slavery and religion starts with Stowe writing for an overall religious and Protestant audience, Stowe shows that the system of slavery and Christianity debates against each other. She reiterated that as long as you believe in Christianity, then you, as a human being under god, should not be able to tolerate slavery. Christianity is a dominant factor ofRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1842 Words   |  8 PagesFrederick Douglass arranges an artful argument against slavery by employing ethos, pathos, and logos through specific examples of the dehumanizing effects of slavery, how religion is used in the Antebellum South, and the specific treatment of enslaved black women. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, one of the chief things Douglass discusses is the inevitability—and even necessity of—dehumanization in slavery. Throughout the book, he provides us with an abundanceRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1810 Words   |  8 PagesThe 19th century in the United States was a time period defined by racism and slavery. Frederick Douglass captures this in his autobiographical-narrative, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, recounting his life as a slave, and his pursuit of freedom. Written during the Antebellum era, this narrative was one of the most influential works of literature in the advancement of the abolition movement in the 19th century and is largely considered the most famous slave narrativeRead MoreValue Pluralism and Absolute Moral Judgments Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesthe values and qualities of the Roman Republic and Christian virtues. It is m ade obvious that those who live by the morality of Christianity would be destroyed by those pursuing political power in the same attitude valued by the Roman Republic. Berlin makes it clear that Machiavelli is not denounce those virtues of Christianity, he merely points out their incompatibility. Suddenly, Berlin is struck with the realization that â€Å"not all the supreme values pursued by mankind now and in the past were necessarilyRead More Characterizing the Religious Encounter between Moravians and Saramakas1767 Words   |  8 Pagesnumber (Brother Wietz reports twelve in 1779) of Saramakas who came to Christian services regularly, and thus were interested in and perhaps persuaded to some degree by the missionaries’ message, but made no commitment to or identification with Christianity and continued in their â€Å"idolatrous† traditions. Price argues that a localized, limited syncretism developed in Alabi’s village, Bambey (225), and that during the Awa kening of the 1790s many Saramaka adopted selected Christian rituals. This convergenceRead MoreThe, Mexican Feminist Theorist Gloria Anzladua s An Analytical Framework For Considering The Relationship Between Minority Faces,3216 Words   |  13 Pagesof music and culture pertaining to American slavery. Anzaldua’s work differentiates between the â€Å"border† as a geographical space and the â€Å"Border† that is the intellectual and culture production that happens in the aforementioned geographical space (Anzaldua, 9). As such, I seek to historically and racially broaden Anzaldua’s lens in order to define the plantation as the â€Å"border† and the culture and music as the â€Å"Border† when analyzing American slavery. As American slaves physically border their mastersRead MoreThe Disease Known As Colorism2165 Words   |  9 Pagesknown as something negative, and being white is become what the world looks at as the beauty, intelligence, and the beginning of humanity. This thought is known as white supremacy. There are many contributing factors to this statement such as, slavery, Jim Crow segregation, and the newest of them all, colorism. All the events of the past play a role in how our society interacts and how blacks interact with each other. Over time the development of the term Colorism has developed unknowingly inRead MoreThe Legacy Of Henry David Thoreau1991 Words   |  8 Pagesprobably the most famous short work in American literature.† Civil Disobedience was about a variety of different political topics. One idea he pondered was the true punishment in imprisonment. During his stay at Walden pond, as a form of protest against slavery, he did not pay his poll tax. He was subject to imprisonment and in jail, he pondered the aforementioned idea. His concluded thoughts were that â€Å"The State never intentionally confronts a man’s sense, intellectual or moral, but only his body, his senses

Dead mans path free essay sample

The short story, â€Å"Dead Men’s Path,† by Chinua Achebe, in the short story Achebe addresses the cultural conflicts that exists between Michael Obi’s the central character â€Å"European† ideas verses â€Å"old† African customs. Obi has a total disregard for the people of the village and his colleagues. The story is set in 1949, a rural village in southeast Nigeria. Obi is willing to do anything to ensure that his educational mission is satisfied. He makes every effort to change everything in his path in order to modernize everything around him. The account takes place at Ndume Central School in Africa at age 26 Obi is overjoyed about being appointed headmaster of the Ndume Central School which is a failing school. He and his new wife are hopeful with plans of change. According to the author â€Å"In their two years of married life she had become completely infected by his passion for â€Å"modern methods† and his denigration of â€Å"these old and superannuated people in the teaching field who would be better employed as traders in the Onitsha market. We will write a custom essay sample on Dead mans path or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Achebe pg. 309). Obi has a superior attitude because he considers himself to be a â€Å"pivotal teacher† and has a very low opinion about the less educated teachers that he will be working with. Obi looks at this opportunity as one that will help him to shine. Both Obi and his wife become obsessed with showing everyone how the school should be run since together they felt that his colleges didn’t share the same educational background that he possesses. One day while Obi is admiring his work he is disgusted to see an old man from the village walking with difficulty right across the complex, through a marigold flower-bed and the hedges. Obi is insulted by the villagers using the school garden as a footpath to a village shrine he makes the decision to put an end to this practice. Obi is advised by the priest on the significance of this footpath to the village shrine. The priest goes as far as to tell Obi that the path was created before he was born and before his dad was born and that the life of the villagers depends on this path. Obi chooses to disregard his warning not to barricade the pathway. This supported by the author Obi thought about the shrine and his role as an educator â€Å"The whole purpose of our school†, he said finally, â€Å"is to eradicate just such beliefs as that. Dead men do not require footpaths. The whole idea is just fantastic. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas†. (Achebe pg. 311) Villagers used this path to leave from the village and visit dead ancestors. The path allowed children to come into the community to be born. By blocking the path, the child was not allowed to enter the village, and both the mother and child died. Obi is blamed for the death of one of the women who died in childbirth, since the path that once connected the village shrine is now blocked. In retaliation, Obi wakes up to find to find the path ruined all of the beautiful hedges are torn down, the flowers are trampled to death and the school once perfectly constructed school premises in ruins. Michael felt that his job was to abolish ancestral beliefs and it was his duty as an educator to teach the children not to take old traditions serious. Nevertheless after the death of the young woman in retaliation the hedges surrounding the school are destroyed; after his supervisor issues a report on the incident Obi is dismissed from his dream job. Michael Obi was ignorant of others beliefs he held hostility to traditional African beliefs, believing that they should be erased. The imaginary line that lead from the school grounds into the cemetery although it was not often used was essential in transforming the souls of newborns, the flowers being destroyed represent the course that Obi life had taken he chose to act out of haste instead of listening to what he was told and this lead to the destruction of his dreams hopes and plans.

Jubilee by Margaret Walker The Symbolic Importance of the Lady in Black and of the Two Lovers Essay Example

Jubilee by Margaret Walker: The Symbolic Importance of the Lady in Black and of the Two Lovers Essay An important theme in Jubilee by Margaret Walker (Walker 1-490) is freedom. The three important characters in the story, Vyry, Randall Ware and Innis Brown, are constantly engaged in the quest for freedom. This entails not just their political liberties, but also the freedom to choose one’s marriage partner and the freedom to configure interpersonal relations in ways they see fit. Walker wrote Jubilee a century after the end of the Civil War and at the outbreak of the Civil Rights movement. To this extent, the range and scope of freedoms that Vyry and the two men in her life are seeking is representative of the aspirations of blacks in America. What Walker also suggests is that the feminist strivings are not exclusive of a broader political search of equality. Indeed, the two causes are intricately connected and partly explain why Vyry and her two lovers are showcased in the same scenes in the novel (Graham 96). Apart from this symbolic display of solidarity, another reaso n why these characters appear together is to contrast their different mindsets and attitudes. In other words, there seems to be some diversity of personality and character within the larger common objective of freedom. To illustrate, in one passage Innis Brown responding to his wife Vyry states, â€Å"Just like you can make candles and soap and feather beds, rag rugs, and quilts, and spin and weave and sew, and cooking was your main job, I learned to do a lot, of things ‘sides working in the fields.† (Walker quoted in Cash 78). The message here is one of establishing the dichotomy between the masculine and the feminine. The other dichotomies that these pairings bring out are those of â€Å"black versus white, rich versus poor, empowered versus disempowered, enslaved versus free† (Beaulieu 15). Walker, writing in the middle of the twentieth century, adds another pair into the list, namely, legally enslaved versus legally free. One crucial way in which the genre of slave narrative is revised in Jubilee is the attention paid to the personal (especially the romantic) facets of Vyry’s difficult life. This is accomplished by showcasing the relationship between Vyry and her two lovers at several points in the work. Vyry’s loyalties are thoroughly tested as she is made to choose between â€Å"her loyalty to her first husband and her white family and loyalty to her second husband and her children. She is guided by her Christian ethics in arriving at a practical rather than radical resolution of the conflict† (Bell 289). Her great virtues are best illustrated when she bravely sets about resolving these conflicts. As she successfully resolves these conflicts, the reader understands the personality gestalt of Vyry, that she is a We will write a custom essay sample on Jubilee by Margaret Walker: The Symbolic Importance of the Lady in Black and of the Two Lovers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jubilee by Margaret Walker: The Symbolic Importance of the Lady in Black and of the Two Lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jubilee by Margaret Walker: The Symbolic Importance of the Lady in Black and of the Two Lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer pillar of Christian faith and human dignity, she commands our respect first as an individual and then as a symbol of nineteenth-century black womanhood. Shaped by plantation culture, she realistically embodies its strengths and weaknesses and she is neither bitter nor political in her philosophy of life. Her major strengths are integrity, resourcefulness, pragmatism, and songs. Her weaknesses are caste prejudice, fidelity to former white owners, and political naivete. (Bell 289) There is an interesting symbolism in the fact that Vyry marries Innis Brown and not Randall Ware. Though she was passionately in love with Ware, circumstances do not permit their marriage. But the author’s choice of Innis Brown as her destined match has connotations beyond the practical. Randall Ware, for all his righteous thoughts and actions is a man born into freedom. He belonged to that rare species of freed blacks, and he is also literate. He has established himself professionally as a blacksmith and has carved out a respectable life for himself. But his condition is atypical of the status of the larger black community. People of his ilk are an exception rather than the rule. He is legally on par with white folks and his demeanour reflects a sense of superiority. Vyry, on the other hand, is a mulato and, hence, legally a slave, although her fair skin can potentially pass her off as white (Dieng 118). Analysing their romance from political, social and legal backgrou nds, it is fair to conclude that Randall Ware and Vyry have fundamental dissimilarities. Apart from the nominal distinctions between them, their core principles and objectives in life are also divergent. In this scenario, it makes no literary sense for the author to take their relationship to fulfilment in the marriage. For the same reasons, there is a common ground between Vyry and Innis Brown’s life causes, despite the contrasting backgrounds that they originate from. So, Walker employs the sentiment of predestination in bringing Vyry and Innis Brown together (Lowery 21). Still there is social and political congruence in this outwardly unexpected event in the story. It is for implicitly presenting these facts, concepts and events surrounding Vyry’s life that Walker describes the relationships between Vyry and her two lovers in connection. For example, Randall Ware and Innis Brown are antithetical types. Born into a family of free black artisans who served in the Union Army, as well as being a Reconstruction politician, Randall is the voice of black nationalism and radicalism in the novel. It is he who plants the idea of freedom in Vyry’s head, giving concrete social reality to the sermons and prayers that God would send a Moses to free her and her people. He is bitter because whites do not respect his rights as a free citizen, and he resists their efforts to cheat, terrorize, and emasculate him. Born a slave, Innis is hard-working and courageous in his protection of Vyry and as naive, conservative, and practical as she is. All he wants in life is a farm of his own where he could raise his own crops and family. (Bell 289) In order to better understand the significance of the romantic triangle between Vyry, Randall Ware and Innis Brown, the historical veracity of the story has to be taken into account. In Walker’s own words, an important purpose for writing the novel was â€Å"to substantiate my material, to authenticate the story I had heard from my grandmother’s lips† (Lauret 198). In this sense, Jubilee stands on par with the slave narratives by Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. The reminiscence of these vital historical works are found in details such as Vyry’s cruel mistress, her first severe punishment, â€Å"daily life both at work and after hours in the Quarters, the thirst for freedom and the despair Vyry feels when the dream seems unattainable† (Beaulieu 16). Other features of slave life given by the author include â€Å"slave auctions (Vyry herself is put up for sale once), public beatings ( Vyry witnesses the execution of two enslaved women who w ere accused of poisoning their masters, along with other enslaved persons as part of the Fourth of July festivities), the ever-present patrollers, and a failed escape attempt† (Beaulieu 16). Yet, a crucial area where Jubilee differs from the preceding works of the genre (as well as later works such as Dessa Rose, Beloved, and Family) is its emphasis on the protagonist’s love life. In conclusion, Margaret Walker attaches substantial importance to the relationship between Vyry and her two lovers. Consequently, she features them together at several points in the novel. Through these excursions into the interpersonal realm of the protagonist’s eventful life Walker is able to offer some value beyond the merely political and historical one. Moreover, this intertwining narrative structure employed with respect to Vyry and her two lovers brings out the contrasting character types of the two male protagonists. This literary manoeuvre lets itself to be read in terms of symbolisms of love, politics, and society. Works Cited Beaulieu, Elizabeth Ann. Black Women Writers and the American Neo-Slave Narrative: Femininity Unfettered. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999. Print. Bell, Bernard W. The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, 1989. Print. Cash, Floris Barnett. â€Å"Kinship and Quilting: An Examination of an African-American Tradition.† The Journal of Negro History 80.1 (1995): 30-35. Pritnt. Dieng, Babacar. â€Å"Reclamation in Walker’s Jubilee: The Context of Development of the Historical Novel.† Journal of Pan African Studies 2.4 (2008): 117-123. Print. Graham, Maryemma. â€Å"The Fusion of Ideas: An Interview with Margaret Walker Alexander.† African American Review 27.2 (1993): 279-286. Print. Lauret, Maria. Liberating Literature: Feminist Fiction in America. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print. Lowery, Charles D., and John F. Marszalek, eds. Encyclopedia of African-American Civil Rights: From Emancipation to the Present. New York: Greenwood, 1992. Print. Walker, Margaret. Jubilee. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1966. Print.

Magnolia Essays - Culture Of The Southern United States, Magnolia

Magnolia Essays - Culture Of The Southern United States, Magnolia Magnolia In regards to the Magnolia Therapeutic Solutions Case Study and how my decision compared to the board members decision were closely the same. There were a few differentials that I feel that the full grant should have been issued to an extent but final decision of not being conducted. Mary showed substantial size of how much help was going to be needed during the September 11th attacks on America and with the experience of how Magnolia was conducted previously to help individuals with Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder. When the board made their decision to approve the budget for Magnolia it was done in haste; the grant should not have been submitted to the board within their budget so the board members could have seen what the true submissions would have been. With the past acknowledgment of how Magnolia supported individuals before September 11th and the success it brought it was only natural to follow through with what the board members did. I think we base our decisions off of facts, recognition and references from what is brought to our attention. Being able to go off those facts will be able to make our minds up how we want our decisions to go. Mary had shown a challenged yet great organizational infrastructure when conducting this organization. The employees of Magnolia had grown in numbers which meant that their grant was going to exceed what asked for the previous years; going from six employees to thirty-four is a high increase of funds to be shelling out. I feel I would of asked Mary to produce the records that correlated with the budget submitted; Mary did nothing more than put her budget together by using the grants and fundraising from the previous grant. Mary made her budget with a grant she was not yet approved; not even taking into consideration if the grant was reinstated or not.